Antifungal medications: How to treat skin and nail fungus
Fungal infections are common and stubborn. Athlete’s foot and ringworm often clear with a cream in a week or two, but toenail fungus can take months. Knowing which antifungal to use, how long to treat, and when to see a clinician makes a big difference.
Topical antifungals are first-line for most skin infections. Over-the-counter creams, sprays, and powders usually contain clotrimazole, miconazole, or terbinafine. Use the product exactly as directed, keep the area clean and dry, and continue treatment for the full recommended time — even when symptoms improve. Stopping early is the most common reason infections come back.
When to use oral antifungals
Oral meds are used when topicals fail or for nail and extensive skin infections. Terbinafine and azoles (like fluconazole or itraconazole) are common. These drugs work better for nail fungus but need longer courses — terbinafine is often taken for 6 weeks for fingernails and 12 weeks for toenails. Doctors choose based on the fungus type, severity, other health issues, and possible drug interactions.
Oral antifungals can affect the liver and interact with other medicines. If your doctor prescribes one, they may check liver tests first and ask about other drugs you take. If you have liver disease, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or take many medications, mention that — safer options or topical strategies might be preferred.
Practical tips that actually help
1) Be patient with nail fungus — it grows out slowly. Expect months before you see a healthy nail. 2) Treat surrounding skin too; gaps between skin and nail can hide infection. 3) Keep shoes dry: antifungal powders, breathable socks, and rotating shoes cut reinfection risk. 4) Don’t share nail clippers, towels, or shoes. 5) If you use topical solutions, clean and file the nail surface gently to help the medicine reach the fungus.
Avoid random home remedies or overusing steroid creams on fungal rashes — that can make infections worse. If a rash isn’t improving after two weeks of a correct topical antifungal, or if the infection spreads, becomes painful, or you develop fever, get evaluated. People with diabetes or poor circulation should see a doctor early, because small foot infections can turn dangerous.
Prevention matters. Dry feet, good hygiene, keeping nails trimmed, and avoiding shared damp areas without footwear reduce risk. For stubborn nail infections, discuss prescription options with a clinician — combining oral and topical therapy or using medicated nail lacquers may be more effective.
If you want help picking the right treatment, note your symptoms, how long they’ve lasted, any other health problems, and current medicines. That info helps your clinician recommend a safe, effective antifungal plan and avoid surprises.
