Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) — How to Spot It and What to Do
If you see a rapidly growing tree with many compound leaves and lots of winged seeds, you might have tree of heaven. This species grows fast, spreads from seeds and roots, and quickly takes over yards, roadsides, and vacant lots. Knowing how to identify it and how to remove it safely will save time and money.
How to ID tree of heaven
Leaves are long and pinnate, 20–40 inches long, with 10–41 leaflets. Each leaflet has a distinct notch near the base and a smooth edge. In spring and summer the leaves are glossy green; in fall they turn yellow. Look for clusters of yellow-green flowers in late spring and early summer, and in fall you'll see many small, papery, single-winged seeds (samaras) that spin and travel on the wind. The bark is smooth and gray on younger trunks, becoming slightly furrowed with age. When crushed, fresh leaves often give a strong, unpleasant smell—some say it's like rancid peanut or burnt popcorn.
Why it’s a problem and common risks
Tree of heaven is highly invasive. One female tree can release thousands of seeds, and the root system sends up suckers that form dense thickets. It produces chemicals that suppress nearby plants, making it harder for native species to grow. For people, handling the tree can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some sensitive individuals. The wood and leaves are not food—don’t eat them. While traditional medicine used extracts of Ailanthus for some conditions, those uses are not a reason to harvest or self-treat; parts of the tree contain bioactive compounds that can be toxic if misused.
Practical removal and safety tips
Small seedlings: pull by hand when soil is moist. Wear gloves and long sleeves to avoid skin contact. For larger saplings: cut low and remove the stump or dig out the major roots. Repeated cutting every few weeks can weaken the root system but may take many attempts.
Cut-stump method works well: cut the trunk close to the ground and apply a systemic herbicide to the fresh stump within a few minutes if you choose chemical control. Follow product labels, local rules, and safety instructions. Basal-bark treatment with triclopyr-based products can control stems without cutting, but it’s slower.
For large infestations, hiring a licensed arborist or local invasive-species crew is often the most efficient choice. They can combine mechanical removal, herbicide application, and follow-up monitoring. After removal, replant with fast-growing native shrubs or grasses to block re-sprouting and reduce bare soil where seeds can land.
If you spot tree of heaven in natural areas, report it to your local invasive plant council or extension service. Early detection and consistent follow-up give the best chance of control. Handling the tree safely and preventing new seedlings will protect your yard and local habitat without unnecessary effort.
